02435nas a2200385   4500008004100000022001400041245005900055210005800114260001300172300001200185490000700197520139400204653001401598653002401612653001201636653001801648653001001666653001101676653001201687653000901699653001401708653002801722653001601750653001901766653004101785653002501826100002001851700001801871700002001889700002001909700001901929700003001948700002201978856004902000       2008                        eng d  a1362-496200aFrequency and fate of microRNA editing in human brain.0 aFrequency and fate of microRNA editing in human brain  c2008 Sep  a5270-800 v363 a<p>Primary transcripts of certain microRNA (miRNA) genes (pri-miRNAs) are subject to RNA editing that converts adenosine to inosine (A--&gt;I RNA editing). However, the frequency of the pri-miRNA editing and the fate of edited pri-miRNAs remain largely to be determined. Examination of already known pri-miRNA editing sites indicated that adenosine residues of the UAG triplet sequence might be edited more frequently. In the present study, therefore, we conducted a large-scale survey of human pri-miRNAs containing the UAG triplet sequence. By direct sequencing of RT-PCR products corresponding to pri-miRNAs, we examined 209 pri-miRNAs and identified 43 UAG and also 43 non-UAG editing sites in 47 pri-miRNAs, which were highly edited in human brain. In vitro miRNA processing assay using recombinant Drosha-DGCR8 and Dicer-TRBP (the human immuno deficiency virus transactivating response RNA-binding protein) complexes revealed that a majority of pri-miRNA editing is likely to interfere with the miRNA processing steps. In addition, four new edited miRNAs with altered seed sequences were identified by targeted cloning and sequencing of the miRNAs that would be processed from edited pri-miRNAs. Our studies predict that approximately 16% of human pri-miRNAs are subject to A--&gt;I editing and, thus, miRNA editing could have a large impact on the miRNA-mediated gene silencing.</p>10aAdenosine10aAdenosine Deaminase10aAnimals10aBase Sequence10aBrain10aHumans10aInosine10aMice10aMicroRNAs10aMolecular Sequence Data10aRNA Editing10aRNA Precursors10aRNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional10aRNA-Binding Proteins1 aKawahara, Yukio1 aMegraw, Molly1 aKreider, Edward1 aIizasa, Hisashi1 aValente, Louis1 aHatzigeorgiou, Artemis, G1 aNishikura, Kazuko  uhttps://megraw.cgrb.oregonstate.edu/node/327